THE VIETNAMESE MARKERS ĐÃ AND RỒI BETWEEN
PERFECT AND PERFECTIVE:
A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH ENGLISH AND FRENCH
LES MARQUEURS VIETNAMIENS DÃ ET RỒI ENTRE PERFECT
ET PERFECTIVE
REGARD CROISE AVEC L’ANGLAIS ET LE FRANÇAIS
MĂRCILE VIETNAMEZE ĐÃ ŞI RỒI ÎNTRE PERFECT ŞI
PERFECTIV. ABORDARE ÎN COMPARAŢIE CU ENGLEZA ŞI
FRANCEZA
Abstract
This contribution examines the aspectual properties of đã and rồi in contemporary Vietnamese by situating them within categories usually labelled “perfect”, “perfective”, “accompli” and “aorist”. It will be shown that the scope of these two markers, as well as their intrinsic aspectual values, are determined by the original meaning of the verbs from which they are derived on the one hand, and by the position they occupy with respect to the main predicate on the other hand. Instead of being mutually exclusive, đã and rồi target each a different phase of a given eventuality and take part in the aspecto-temporal structuration of the utterance. A brief comparison between English and French data suggests that because of its isolating characteristics, Vietnamese tends to localize and distribute aspectual information on different markers in accordance with a mode of combination which is analytical and iconic.
Résumé
Cette contribution étudie les valeurs aspectuelles de đã et rồi en vietnamien contemporain en les situant au sein des catégories habituellement désignées par les étiquettes « perfect », « perfective », « accompli » et « aoriste ». Il sera montré que la portée et les valeurs aspectuelles intrinsèques de ces deux marqueurs sont déterminées, d’une part, par le sens originel des verbes pleins dont ils sont issus, et d’autre part, par la position qu’ils occupent par rapport au prédicat verbal. Đã et rồi, au lieu de s’exclure mutuellement, ciblent en réalité chacun une phase du procès et contribuent à la structuration aspecto-temporelle de l’énoncé. Une brève comparaison avec l’anglais et le français suggère que, de par son caractère isolant, le vietnamien localise et distribue les informations aspectuelles sur des marqueurs différents en exploitant un mode de combinaison analytique et iconique.
Rezumat
In acest articol ne vom opri la studierea valorilor aspectuale ale lui đã şi rồi in limba vietnameză contemporană, situându-le în grupul categoriilor frecvent însemnate prin etichetele “perfect” şi “perfectiv”, “terminatif” şi “aorist”. Vom arăta că valorile aspectuale ale celor două mărci sunt determinate pe de o parte de sensul original al verbelor pline de unde îşi au originea iar pe de alta prin poziţia pe care o ocupă în raport cu predicatul verbal. O scurtă comparaţie cu engleza şi franceza sugerează faptul că, prin caracterul său izolant, limba vietnameză localizează şi distribuie informaţiile aspectuale prin mărci diferite, exploatând un mod de combinare analitic şi iconic.
Keywords: aspect, perfect, perfective, accompli, aorist of discourse, currently relevant state
Mots-clés: aspect, perfect, perfective, accompli, aoriste du discours, currently relevant state
Cuvinte cheie: aspect, perfect, perfectiv, rezultativ, aorist al discursului